Justifying apparatus for printing devices



Oct, 22, 1935. A. F. COLTON 2,018,547

JUS'TIFYING APPARATUS FOR PRINTING DEVICES Filed Sept. 29, 1955 4 Sheets-Sheet 1 MAX. 90 UNIT 55 UNlrs MIN. 20 UNITS INVENTOR.

jdi Ofia F Co/ton WAJwLj/W ATTORNEYS.

Oct. 22, 1935. A. F. COLTON JUSTIFYING APPARATUS FOR PRINTING DEVICES 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed Sept. 29, 1933 @m QQ WQ\ n ATTORNEYS.

Oct. 22, 1935. A. F. COLTON 2,018,547

JUSTIFYING APPARATUS FOR PRINTING DEVICES Filed Sept. 29, 1933 4 Sheets-Sheet 5 v u INVENTOR.

, Alpha FCo/ton ATTORNEYS,

Oct. 22, 1935. A. F. COLTON JUSTIFYING APPARATUS FOR PRINTING DEVICES Filed Sept. 29, 1933 4 Sheet s-Sheet 4 INVENTOR. 42 0/20 7'. Colton BY f ATTORNEYS.

and other processes in the graphic arts.

Patented Oct. 22, 1935 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE Alpha F. Colton, Ashland, Ohio Application September 29, 1933, Serial No. 891,427

. 19 Claims. (01. 197-84) My invention relates generally to typem'iting.

One of the principal objects of my invention is to eliminate the displeasing appearance of uneven typewritten lines which usually occurs at the right hand margin of typewritten sheets. It is the desire of this invention to produce on a typewriter an even or squared-up column of typewritten material similar to that found in the prevailing newspaper columns and book pages. Not only is the appearance of the typewritten material enhanced when its margins are even but also the squared up column of typewritten material can be readily duplicated or reproduced in photolithography, photo-engraving, stencil duplicators,

The invention accomplishes the above desired results with a minimum amount of work in assembling the attachment to the typewriter and with a minimum amount of effort on the part of the typist during the actual typing of the material. Another object of my invention is to provide an improved device which when attached to the typewriter mechanism. enables the operator to retype any typewritten material changing the usual uneven lines to even lines thus forming an even or squared up column of typewritten material.

Another object of my invention is to provide a variable character spacing apparatus for all standard makes of typewriters which is housed in a neat appearing, unitary structure, is readily attachable and detachable, and is conveniently regulatable on the part of the operator'when attached. When housed within a unitary structure, the apparatus is protected from dust and abuse, and when not in use, it may be unobstructively shelved in small locations.

Another object of my invention is to provide a typewriter with an improved apparatus for contracting or expanding the typewritten lines in order to make them conform with a certain prescribed line length.

Another object is to provide a typewriter with a variable character spacing apparatus which is readily employable with any desired marginal or column width of typewritten material. This provision enables the operator to utilize the same regulation for increasing or decreasing the number of character spaces for a givenline length as it would to increase or decrease the number ofcharacter spaces for any other line length, thereby considerably simplifying the operation of the combined typewriter and variable spacing apparatus.

A further object of my invention is to provide a typewriter with a variable character spacing device which includes two manually adjustable mechanisms, one for selectively determining the marginal or column width 01 the typewritten material, and the other for contracting or expanding a typewritten line in order that it shall conform with the selected column width. 10

A iurther object of my invention is to utilize the mechanism of a typewriter which permits intermittent travel of the typewriter carriage upon key action at the typewriter keyboard to also directly vary the extent of intermittent carriage travel.

A further object of importance is to provide a. typewriter with an escapement mechanism which not only pennits intermittent movement of the typewriter carriage but also varies the amount of 20 intermittent movement in accordance with a control exercised by the operator.

A meritorious feature in this invention is the employment of a plurality of variable elements, such as cams, representing a. plurality of typewriter line lengths, which are operatively connected through a selective mechanism with a second plurality of variable elements, representing increases or decreases in the number of character spaces per line, which are in turn operatively connected through a'selective mechanism with an apparatus for increasing or decreasing the intermittent movement of the typewriter carriage resulting from key action.

In one desirable arrangement, there is provided a typewriter escapement mechanism which is operable from a plurality of selective variable elements to move laterally with respect to the typewriter carriage. Upon movement of the carriage the escapement mechanism engaging therewith is moved either with or contrary to the movement of the carriage thereby lengthening or shortening the travel of the carriage. The power which is utilized for lengthening or shortening the carriage travel is obtained from 45 the very movement of the carriage itself, and this movement operates through the variable elements' which in turn'transmit this movement in controlled variable quantities to the escapement mechanism to move it either with or against the 50 movement of the carriage. 1

In the particular embodiment illustrated in the drawings, the typewriter carriage rack is engaging a pinion about which axis the typewriter escapement mechanism is pivoted. The t escapement mechanism is likewise in mesh with the pinion and is adapted upon key action to permit the pinion, and thus the carriage, to travel one gear tooth. Since the escapement mechanism is pivoted upon the axis of the pinion it will be in constant meshwith the pinion regardless of the position to which the escapement mechanism is swung. Upon actuation of the escapement mechanism, the carriage moves one character space, and in the event the attachment has been regulated for character space'variation, the carriage motion is transmitted through adjustable variable elements to the pivoted escapement mechanism to swing the latter either with or against the rotation of the meshing pinion thereby either increasing or decreasing the rotation of the pinion for every key action. This rotation controls the extent of carriage travel for each key action on the typewriter.

The variable elements .previously mentioned are two series of arcuate cams mounted eachon a separate One series of cams is for regulating the variable spacer mechanism for any desired typewriter line lengths. The other cam series is for contracting or expanding a typewritten line one or more character units in order that there will be produced a squared up column efiect coniorming with the desired typewritten line length. The first cam series is operable directly upon movement of the carriage and it transmits this movement to actuate the secondcam series. The second cam series upon actuation is adapted to produce through selective mechanism the aforementioned lateral movement of the escapement mechanism, and it is apparent that as the latter permits intermittent movement of the carriage it also simultaneously varies the extent of intermittent movement. It is easily conceivablethat other variable elements, such as angular slide bars, could .be employed in place of the arcuate cams shown in the drawings and the same action produced.

In the embodiment shown in the drawings the variable character spacing mechanism is mounted within a separate unitary structure alongside or the typewriter. However, it is entirely feasible to mount the mechanism in or upon the typewriter frame if it is so desired. In Iollowing out the latter arrangement the mechanism could be introduced into .the typewriter during its manufacture.

Various other objects and advantages of my invention will more fully appear from the following specification, appended claims, and accompanying drawings, wherein:

Figure 1 is a perspective of a cabinet structure enclosing one embodiment of my invention showing mechanism for attachment to a standard typewriter and two manual control means for regulating adjustments,

Figure 2 is a sectional view of the embodiment of my invention within the cabinet, the sectional view being along line 2-2 of Figure 3,

Figure 3 is a top sectional view 01' the embodiment enclosed within the cabinet structure,

Figure 4 is a side sectional view of the embodiment of my invention employed within the cabinet structure,

Figure 5 is a detailed view, partly in section, of one of the manual adjusting devices utilized in the Cabinet enclosed embodiment,

Figure 6 is a detailed top elevationof a portion of the cabinet showing a manual adjusting mechanism and its associated scale, and

Figure '7 is a detailed view of several cam elements illustrating the manner of varying the marginal-width of the typewritten material.

A general arrangement of the cabinet structure enclosing one embodiment of my invention is shown in Figure l. The cabinet structure is indicated generally at I4 and is usually disposed alongside or the typewriter [2 as shown in Figure 2. Clamping elements l4 are adapted to securely fasten the cabinet to the typewriter frame. Actuating arms I4 and I8 whose purpose and. function will be described later extend from the side 01 the cabinet in the direction oi. the typewriter. Handles 20 and 22 and their corresponding scales 24 and 26 are provided on the cabinet and they likewise will be described in more detail later. A slot 28 in the top of the cabinet permits a rack 84 containing downwardly extending teeth to reciprocate therein. As clearly indicated in Figures 1 and 4 the rack 30 is of a general T shape facilitating a roller support by the rollers I! within the protruding housing 34. A clamping element 36 probably best illustrated in Figures 2 and 4 is utilized for connecting the rack II with the customary typewriter carriage 88. The rack 30 is adapted to reciprocate with the lateral movement of the carriage in its travel across. the typewriter.

Referring to Figures 2 to '7, one embodiment illustrating the principle or my invention is shown. In this embodiment the customary escapement mechanism for allowing intermittent movement of the typewriter carriage is located within the cabinet "I. It is not essential that the. escapement mechanism be mounted within the cabinet, and as will become apparent from further description, the escapement mechanism could be retained within the typewriter frame itself. The escapement mechanism 'utilized in this embodiment is 01' standard design, the only difierence being the novel manner or mounting which permits lateral movement or the escapement mechanism. v

In Figures 2 and 3 a frame structure 40 supports a shaft 42 upon which is keyed a gear 44 meshing with the rack 30. As probably best indicated in Figure 4 a cage-like structure 46 is swingably mounted about the shaft 42 on either pawls 56 and 56 which, upon rocking of the member 54, permit the star wheel to rotate the distance of one tooth. It is this movement of the star wheel which produces the intermittent movement of the carriage upon key action from the keybcard or the typewriter.

Mechanism extending from thetypewriter to the cabinet structure is provided for rocking the member 54 to produce intermittent carriage movement. A portion of this mechanism is shown in Figure l as lever I6. This lever ispivotally mounted in any desired manner as it enters the cabinet at 58. Any reciprocal movement in the typewriter produced upon actuating a key on the keyboard could be utilized to swing the lever l6 about its pivot 58. Swinging action 01' lever I6 is transmitted as shown in Figure 4 to a vertieal swinging member 68 pivotally mounted at.

its upper endabout a frame member 62. The lower'end of swinging member 88 contacts the upper end of the rocking member54 which is resiliently urged outward by the spring 64.

.A secondmechanism extending between the typewriter and cabinet is indicated in Figure 1 as lever II. This mechanism is adapted to produce the customary full release of the carriage permitting the carriage to travel its full length without stopping. The release lever I8 is likewise pivoted in any desiredmanner as it enters the cabinet at 65. In the standard typewriter some vertical reciprocal movement occurs when the usual carriage release lever is actuated and this is transmitted by lever mechanism in the typewriter (not shown) to rock the pivoted lever I8. To accomplish full release of the carriage it is necessary that the escapement pawl 56' be moved tosuch aposition that it does not engage the teeth of the-star wheel 58. As is shown in dotted lines in Figure 2, the escapement pawl 58' is pivotally. mounted with respectqto the member 54. and this pawl is movable to a release position by-mechanism which is actuated upon movement of the release lever I8. This mocha nism is probably best shown in Figures 3 and 4 and inc udes a vertically reciprocating" link 68 connected to a lateral extending arm 18 on the pivotedrelease pawl. Link 68 extends up to aacter space variation is desired, the connecting levers I8 and I8 and other contributing mechanism/perform the usualfunctions of actuating the, escapement for standard intermittent and full. release movement of the carriage..

Mechanism for varying the character spacing of a typewriter is in'oluded'within the cabinet and constitutes two serlespf variable elements, such as cams, connected-together and with the escapement mechanisrnibyf .actua ting arms. In order to vary the 'nmnberof character spaces for a given a series of cam elements indicated 'genera llyg at 88 in Figure 2 is provided. This series of cams can be either separate individual camsasse'mbled together or a plurality of cam surfaces on one large member. Each cam element represents a number of character units which can be added orsubtracted from a given typewritten line. The cam denoted by N" in Figure 2 is the neutral cam and does not produce any change of character spacing in a typewritten line. Those cam elements-adjacent to this neutral cam on either side thereof either add or subtract 9, character unit to a given typewritten line length. Those farther removed from the neutral cam add or subtract a greater quantity of character units to a given line length. As shown in Figure 2, those cams to the rightof the neutral cam "N increase the number of character units per line while those to the left decrease the number of character units per line.

Mechanism for transmitting the cam action to the escapement to swing the latter either with or against the rotation of gear 44 is provided in the form of a link 82 pivotally attached at one end to the cage-like structurev 48 by a nut and bolt generally indicated at 84. The other end of the link is pivoted to a swinging arm 88 which-is swung from a portion ofthe cabinet frame II 8. A roller 88 on a shaft supported on the arm 86 is provided for contacting the cam surfaces 88. -Resilient' mechanism (not shown) 10 in the cabinet frame by bearings at eitherend and along its length, I as shown in Figure '4. Arms 92 and 94 extending at approximately right angles to one another are keyed to the shaft 98.

Arm 92 supports at its outer end the cams 88. Arm 94 is in the form of two spaced arms 94 and 94', as probably best illustrated in Figure 4, and supports between the ends of the arms 94 and I 94' a threaded shaft 96. upon which is threaded a sleeve 98 rotatably carrying a roller I88. This roller is selectively adapted to contact any of a series of variable elements I 82 such as cams. mounted upon the shaft 42. These cam elements I82 rotate with the shaft 42 which is connected through the keyed gear 44 and the rack 38 tothe typewriter carriage. Eachof these cam elements I82 represent a predetermined typewriter line length. All of the cams on the elements I82 begin at a certain 40 I radial position and extend outward to a certain radial position. The difference between each cam element.I82 is the arcuate distancebetween i the beginning and end of these radial positions. These elements I82 having the shorter arcuate cam path representthe shorter typewritten line lengths and those having'the longer arcuatepath' represent the longer. line lengths. The principle is illustrated in Figure '7 where several represen- 'i tative'cam elements I82 havebeenchosen. 'The cam element representing'20 units-orcharacters to a typewrittenline reaches its greatest radial distance at 28U. Fifty-five characters per line is 1 represented at U, while the point representing ninety characters 'extendsalmost around to the 55 beginning position. It isre'adily apparent-that since all the cam elements begin their arcuate paths at the same radial distance and finish at the same radialdistan'ce the arms 94 and 92 will rock the same distance regardless of the cam 80 1 element I82 selected to act on roller I88.

Mechanism for selecting any one of .the cam elements I82 is provided on the threaded shaft 98. As indicated in Figure 4 a dependlngportion I84 on the sleeve 98 is slidably mounted 85 about a rod I88 carried between the arms 94 and 94 intermediate their ends. In this manner the sleeve 98 is prevented from rotating on the threaded shaft 96. Rotation of the threaded shaft 96 by handle 28 will screw the sleeve along the shaft. A pointer .II8 carried by the sleeve 98 is movable over the scale 24 and indicates to the operator which of the typewriter line lengths has been selected by the roller I88.

Likewise, mechanism for moving the roller 88 to select any one of the character cam elements 00 is provided in the form of a reciprocating shaft II2 carrying the roller. This shaft H2 lies below a stationary shaft I mounted at one end in the wall of the cabinet and at the other end This sleeve is rotatable with respect to the shaft- II4 and permits rocking motion of the arms 00 and 80 as the latter are swung outward and inward by the action of the roller 00v on the cams 80. To reciprocate the shaft I I2 and the roller 00, a sleeve I20 having a depending arm I22 fixedly secured to the shaft H2 is slidably mounted on shaft II4. Adjacent the sleeve I20 a second slidable sleeve l24'is employed and this sleeve is provided with a finger I20 engageablefin a. radial groove I20 in the sleeve I20. Such a connection between the sleeves allows both sleeves I20 and I24 to reciprocate together but permits sleeve I20 to rotatively swing with respect to the sleeve I24.

A manual control for sliding the sleeves I20 and m and thus the roller as is best indicated tending sleeve I30 extending through the top of the cabinet I0. Positioned within the sleeve I30 is a hollow tubular member I40 which extends beyond either end of the sleeve and is provided with a handle 22 at its upper end. A vertical slot I44 in the sleeve I30 is engaged by a lateral ex-.

tending pin I40, the combination of the two together permitting'relative reciprocal movement of the tubular member I40 with respect to the sleeve I30 but looking both together when the handle 22 is turned. A pointer I40 is fixedly secured to the sleeve I30 and indicates on the dial 20 the number of character units a typewritten line must be contracted or expanded to conform with a selected line length.

In order to permit the roller 00 to step from one cam element 00 to another without frictionally contacting, a combination of levers is provided for manually rocking the frame arms 00 and 80' outward away from the,cam elements. Such combination is probably best shown in Figures 3, 4, and 7 and comprises a rock shaft I50 supported at its opposite ends by the cabinet frame work I52. At the inward end of the shaft is fixed an arm I54 which is adapted to rock and engage an extending pin I50 on the arm 00'. At the other end of the shaft I50 is provided a fixed arm I50 carrying a small roller I00 at its outer end. The roller I00 contacts an outwardly extending base portion I02 on the tubular member I40. The tubular member is slidably supported on a vertical rod I04, and a spring I00 ten'sioned between the cabinet and the base portion I02 resiliently urges the tubular member and its attached handle 22 to its upper position. Downward pressure on the handle 22 is transmitted through the tubular member I40 to the lever I50, rocking the shaft I50 and lever I54 to kick the arms 06 and 00 and their accompanying roller 88 to one side in order to permit the roller and its shaft II2 to reciprocate freely. One preferred method of operating this at- Positioned above the flange I00 tachment on a typewriter is .to type the material in rough on a sheet of paper containing a right hand'margin determining the desired width of the printed column. On completion of this step, the operator cranks the handle 20 until the pointer I I0 has indicated the desired typewritten width shown on the sheet of paper. Upon such cranking operation,. roller I00 moves along the threaded shaft 00 and stops at one of the cam elements I02 which, as, indicated on the scale, will provide full movement of the justifying mechanism in the cabinet for that selected mar ginal width. Since all the cam elements I02 begin their radial expansion at the same horizontal level, .as shown in Figure 7, the reciprocal movement of the roller I00 is'not hindered.

After once setting the mechanism for the de-- sired marginal width of typewritten material, the operator merely has, thereafter, to actuate the control handle 22' before beginning of the retyping of each line shown on the rough draft.

line length which conforms with the column Before re-typing each line, the operator looks at around the scale 20 to a point which indicates the number of character units the rough typewritten linemust be contracted or expanded in order to make the line conform with the desired marginal width of typewritten material. Thereafter the typist has merely to type the line shown on the rough draft. Other methods of operation will suggest themselves, and it is clearly apparent that inserts can be made in typewritten-material which will adequately and neatly fill up the space provided therefor in the typewritten material.

When the attachment is set for character space variation, depression of a key on the typewriter keyboard causes the escapement pawls 50 to permit the escapement star wheel 52 to rotate one tooth. This rotation is brought about by the fact that the typewriter carriage is tensioned by a spring in the typewriter to move across the typewriter from right to left. The intermittent movement of the carriage is transmitted through the extension rack 30 to the gear 44 keyed on shaft 42. Upon the intermittent rotation of shaft 42, the selected cam element I02 causes the contacting roller I00 to rock to the right. As clearly shown in Figure 2 this rocking movement will be transmitted through the rock shaft 00 to the cam elements 00. Rocking movement of these latter cams will cause the roller 00 and its associated link 02 to reciprocate and swing the escapement mechanism. All this movement takes place automatically and simultaneously with the movement of the carriage. As a result, when the escapement star wheel 52 and its associated gear circumference of the gear 44 as the latter rotates,

it will check the rotation of latter sooner than normal and the carriage travel per key depression will be shortened. a

Other embodiments employing this principle for shortening or lengthening the intermittent travel of the carriage are obvious to those skilled link -82 would slidef -the'iefiap ment mechanism and pinion-laterallyhorizontally with respect to 'zkthe rack'30r- In thisiemb'odiment'the larger gear lo large gear wouldn. .escapen ent -pawls',. the

in the art; For example, instead of swinging the cscapement mechanism in an arcuate path about the gear 44 upon reciprocal movement of link 82,- it' might be desirable tomount both the eseapement mechanismand gear 44 upon a sliding base, and the reciprocatingmovement oi. the

144 would performisnbstantially thesame operation's as l-the*smaller'geanwheel 4 8 performs in;-:the embodiment illustrated herein; The uponxactuation'oi' 'the 11388 5 o t e one of said variableelement to swing said escapement mechanism about its axis either with or against the rotation'oi the pinion whereby the intermittent travel of the carriage is lengthened or shortened. V

6. In a typewriter, a carriage movable with re. spect thereto, .meansfor permitting intermittent movement of said carriage, space varying mechanisn including a plurality of variable elements each representative oI-a unit increase'or decrease in the. number of. intermittent movements not hecarriage per typewritten linelen'gth', a device tor-selecting any one or the I plurality Zorvariable elements,-said spacayaryinga mechanism adapted 1 em nt; o -ssaid; carria e ocope'rate ough said selective device 130 ,vary -the number intermittent, carriage movements ,per typetenjlinelengthr f 4 .'In-a 1typewriter,1a carriage movable with 'respect' thereto, means for permitting intermittent movement of said carriage, a plurality of variable elements each representative oi a quantum. increase or" decrease in the number of intermittent ovementsi'or a given typewritten line, asecond pluralityoffvariable elements each representative mechanism 'for movinei th atter with respect to the carriage to vary the carriage.

t eextent of.movement of 2.111s combination witha: typewriter carriage, means forvarying the distance of the travel of the carriage" for each key-action, including a ratchet'es'capementmechanism operable by key action to produce-carriage travel, a variable element operable upon travel of said carriage, and, means connecting saidvariable element for bodily displacing said ratchet escapement' mechanism with respect to said carriage whereby the carriage travel isjlength'ened or shortened.

writer frame having a carriage; movably mounted thereon: and an escapement, mechanism operablev to control the movement of said carriage, ;a variable element, mechanism connecting said -variable element and said escapement mechanism and operable upon movement of the carriage to shiitthe escapement mechanism with respect to the'typewriter and the carriage to lengthen or shorten themovementof the carriage.

4. In a line spacing graduating, device for-typewriters, comprising, in'combination', a typewriter.

frame having a carriage movably mounted thereon and an escapement mechanism operable to control the movement of said carriage, a manually adjustable variable element operable uponmove- I ment or said carriage,- and means-operable upon 5 operation of; said variable-element to'bodfly displace said escapement mechanism with respect to the carriage whereby control elie qis'ed :by the escapement mechanism over the move'mentxot the carriage is varied.

5. In a line spacing graduating device tor type-. writers comprising, in combination, a typewriterframe having a carriage movably mounted thereon, a rack'on said carriage, a pinion meshing with said rack, an escapement mechanism swingably mounted about the axis of said pinion and provided with a gear wheel meshing with said pinion, means for actuating said escapement mechanism to allow intermittentv carriage travel, an adjustable variable element actuatable upon travel of said carriage, and means operable ,upon actuation 3'; In, a line-spacing' graduating attachmentfortypewriters comprising, in, combination a typeof a 1 certainfmarginal width for a given typewritten line, said variable elements operable upon movement ofthe carriage to vary the intermittent movement of the. carriage, and selective mechanismror selecting anyone ofthe plurality of variable elements whereby the extent oimovement of the carriage can be predetermined.

- 8. In combination with a typewriter having a carriage mounted thereon for intermittent movement with respect thereto, a space varying mechanism comprising two series of variable elements, means connecting-the carriage with one oiisaid series to operate the latter upon movement or said carriage,;means connecting said series with said second series oivariable elements to actuate the latter upon operation of said first series,means extending from said second series and operable upon actuation thereof to vary the extent or intermittent movement of the carriage, and selective mechanism between said first series and said second series and between said secondseries and said last mentioned means for selecting any variable element desired.

9. In combination, a typewriter having a carriage tensioned to travel in one direction on said typewriter, a cabinet adjacent said typewriter, a

1 rack extending from said carriage to said cabinet,

escapement mechanism in said cabinet operatively. connected with said rack and operable from said typewriter for checking the carriage travel atuniiormly' spaced intervals, and adjustable graduating'means in said cabinet operable upon movement of the carriage to bodily shift said 'esc'apement mechanism relative to said carriage to vary the uniformly spaced travel of the carriage.

. 10. In a printing "device having a travelling carriage thereon, mechanism in saiddevice for causing intermittent movement -or said carriage, said mechanism being mounted for bodily shiitable movement with'respect to said carriage, and an' adjustable variable element operable upon movement of said carriage to shift said mechanism with respect tosaid carriage as the former causes the intermittent movement of the carriage so as to vary the extent of each intermittent movement of the carriage.

11. In a printing device, a movable carriage,

mechanism for causing intermittent movement 01 said carriage, said mechanism being mounted 1 so as to shift with respect to the rest of the device and the carriage, and means for shifting said mechanism as the same causes intermittent movement of the carriage whereby the extent of the intermittent movement of the carriage is varied.

12. In a printing device, a movable carriage, mechanism for causing said carriage to move intermittently, said mechanism being mounted to shift either with or against the movement of the carriage so as to vary the extent of the intermittent movement caused by the mechanism.

13. In a typewriter, a movable carriage, and mechanism for causing intermittent movement of said carriage, said mechanism adapted to shift either with or against the intermittent movement of the carriage simultaneously as it causes intermittent movement of the carriage so as to vary the extent of the intermittent movement of the carriage with respect to the typewriter.

14. In a typewriter, keys, a movable carriage, mechanism operably connected with said keys and said carriage and adapted to cause a determined movement of the latter for every key action, said mechanism being mounted for bodily shiftable movement relative to the typewriter, and means adapted to bodily shift said mechanism simultaneously as the latter causes a determined movement of the carriage so as to vary the length of movement of the carriage for every key action.

15. The method of varying the spacing between characters produced on a typewriter having a movable carriage and an escapement mechanism for causing intermittent movement of the car-. riage which consists in bodily shifting the escapement mechanism as it causes intermittent movement of the carriage.

16. That method of varying the distance of movement of a carriage in a printing device having mechanism for producing an intermittent movement thereof which consists in bodily shifting said mechanism either with or against the movement ofsaid carriage as the latter is caused to be moved by said mechanism.

17. In a character space varying typewriter. a

movable carriage, means for causing said carriage to move a determined character space, said means being mounted for bodily shiftable movement with respect to said typewriter, character space varying mechanism including,two selective controls, one for determining the column width of the typewritten material and the other for expanding or contracting a giventypewritten line so that it will conform with the column width selected, said character space varying mechanism adapted to bodily shift said means in accordance with its selective controls as the means causes movement of said carriage.

18. In a printing device, a movable carriage,

mechanism for causing intermittent movement.

the same to the escapement mechanism to con-- trol the operation of the escapement mechanism in accordance with the adjustment of said variable element.

ALPHA F. COL'ION. 

